Are Profit Seeking Activities And Enterprises That Provide Goods And Services

Organization undertaking commercial, industrial, or professional activity

Concern is the activity of making ane's living or making coin by producing or buying and selling products (such equally goods and services).^{[one] [2] [ need quotation to verify ] [iii] [4]} Simply put, it is "any action or enterprise entered into for profit."^[5]

Having a business concern name does not dissever the business concern entity from the owner, which means that the owner of the concern is responsible and liable for debts incurred by the business organization. If the business acquires debts, the creditors can go after the owner's personal possessions. A business structure does not allow for corporate tax rates. The proprietor is personally taxed on all income from the business.

The term is also often used colloquially (but not by lawyers or by public officials) to refer to a company. A company, on the other mitt, is a carve up legal entity and provides for express liability, as well equally corporate taxation rates. A company structure is more than complicated and expensive to prepare, but offers more than protection and benefits for the possessor.

Forms

Forms of business organisation ownership vary by jurisdiction, simply several mutual entities exist:

• Sole proprietorship: A sole proprietorship, too known equally a sole trader, is owned by 1 person and operates for their benefit. The owner operates the business alone and may hire employees. A sole proprietor has unlimited liability for all obligations incurred by the business, whether from operating costs or judgments against the business. All avails of the business concern belong to a sole proprietor, including, for example, a figurer infrastructure, any inventory, manufacturing equipment, or retail fixtures, as well as whatsoever real holding endemic by the sole proprietor.
• Partnership: A partnership is a business endemic by two or more than people. In nearly forms of partnerships, each partner has unlimited liability for the debts incurred past the concern. The iii most prevalent types of for-profit partnerships are general partnerships, limited partnerships, and limited liability partnerships.^[6]
• Corporation: The owners of a corporation accept express liability and the business concern has a dissever legal personality from its owners. Corporations can be either government-owned or privately owned, and they can organize either for profit or as nonprofit organizations. A privately owned, for-profit corporation is owned past its shareholders, who elect a board of directors to straight the corporation and hire its managerial staff. A privately owned, for-profit corporation tin can be either privately held by a small group of individuals, or publicly held, with publicly traded shares listed on a stock exchange.
• Cooperative: Oftentimes referred to every bit a "co-op", a cooperative is a limited-liability business that can organize every bit for-turn a profit or not-for-profit. A cooperative differs from a corporation in that information technology has members, not shareholders, and they share conclusion-making dominance. Cooperatives are typically classified every bit either consumer cooperatives or worker cooperatives. Cooperatives are central to the ideology of economic democracy.
• Limited liability companies (LLC), limited liability partnerships, and other specific types of business system protect their owners or shareholders from business concern failure past doing business organization under a divide legal entity with certain legal protections. In dissimilarity, unincorporated businesses or persons working on their ain are usually non as protected.^{[7] [8]}
• Franchises: A franchise is a organisation in which entrepreneurs purchase the rights to open and run a business from a larger corporation.^[9] Franchising in the United States is widespread and is a major economic powerhouse. One out of twelve retail businesses in the U.s. are franchised and 8 million people are employed in a franchised business.^[ten]
• A visitor limited past guarantee: Commonly used where companies are formed for non-commercial purposes, such as clubs or charities. The members guarantee the payment of certain (usually nominal) amounts if the company goes into insolvent liquidation, but otherwise, they have no economic rights in relation to the company. This type of company is common in England. A company limited by guarantee may exist with or without having share uppercase.
• A company limited by shares: The most common grade of the company used for business organisation ventures. Specifically, a limited company is a "visitor in which the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount individually invested" with corporations being "the almost common case of a limited visitor."^[eleven] This type of company is common in England and many English-speaking countries. A company limited by shares may be a
  • publicly traded visitor or a
  • privately held company
• A visitor limited by guarantee with a share capital: A hybrid entity, ordinarily used where the company is formed for non-commercial purposes, but the activities of the company are partly funded past investors who look a return. This type of company may no longer exist formed in the UK, although provisions even so exist in law for them to exist.^[12]
• A limited liability company: "A company—statutorily authorized in certain states—that is characterized by express liability, direction by members or managers, and limitations on ownership transfer", i.e., L.50.C.^[11] LLC construction has been called "hybrid" in that information technology "combines the characteristics of a corporation and of a partnership or sole proprietorship". Like a corporation, it has limited liability for members of the company, and like a partnership, it has "flow-through tax to the members" and must be "dissolved upon the death or bankruptcy of a fellow member".^[13]
• An unlimited company with or without a share capital: A hybrid entity, a company where the liability of members or shareholders for the debts (if whatsoever) of the company are non limited. In this case, the doctrine of a veil of incorporation does not apply.

Less common types of companies are:

• Companies formed by letters patent: Most corporations by letters patent are corporations sole and not companies as the term is commonly understood today.
• Lease corporations: Before the passing of modern companies legislation, these were the merely types of companies. Now they are relatively rare, except for very one-time companies that all the same survive (of which there are still many, particularly many British banks), or mod societies that fulfill a quasi-regulatory part (for case, the Banking concern of England is a corporation formed by a modern charter).
• Statutory companies: Relatively rare today, sure companies have been formed by a private statute passed in the relevant jurisdiction.

Annotation that "Ltd afterwards the visitor's name signifies express company, and PLC (public limited visitor) indicates that its shares are widely held."^[fourteen]

In legal parlance, the owners of a company are normally referred to as the "members". In a company limited or unlimited past shares (formed or incorporated with a share majuscule), this will exist the shareholders. In a company limited by guarantee, this will exist the guarantors. Some offshore jurisdictions have created special forms of offshore company in a bid to attract business organisation for their jurisdictions. Examples include "segregated portfolio companies" and restricted purpose companies.

At that place are, however, many, many sub-categories of types of company that can be formed in various jurisdictions in the earth.

Companies are also sometimes distinguished into public companies and individual companies for legal and regulatory purposes. Public companies are companies whose shares can be publicly traded, oft (although not always) on a stock commutation which imposes listing requirements/Listing Rules as to the issued shares, the trading of shares and a future result of shares to aid bolster the reputation of the exchange or detail market of exchange. Private companies do non have publicly traded shares, and often contain restrictions on transfers of shares. In some jurisdictions, private companies accept maximum numbers of shareholders.

A parent company is a visitor that owns enough voting stock in some other firm to control management and operations by influencing or electing its board of directors; the second visitor being accounted as a subsidiary of the parent company. The definition of a parent visitor differs by jurisdiction, with the definition normally being defined past way of laws dealing with companies in that jurisdiction.

Classifications

• Agriculture, such as the domestication of fish, animals, and livestock, besides every bit lumber, oil, vegetables, fruits, etc.
• Mining businesses that extract natural resources and raw materials, such equally woods, petroleum, natural gas, ores, metals or minerals.
• Service businesses offering intangible goods or services and typically accuse for labor or other services provided to authorities, to consumers, or to other businesses. Interior decorators, beauticians, hair stylists, make-up artists, tanning salons, laundromats, dry cleaners, and pest controllers are service businesses.
  • Fiscal services businesses include banks, brokerage firms, credit unions, credit cards, insurance companies, asset and investment companies such every bit private-disinterestedness firms, private-equity funds, existent manor investment trusts, sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, mutual funds, index funds, hedge funds, stock exchanges, and other companies that generate profits through investment and management of capital.
  • Transportation businesses such as railways, airlines, and shipping companies deliver goods and individuals to their destinations for a fee.
  • Utilities produce public services such as h2o, electricity, waste management or sewage treatment. These industries are usually operated under the charge of a public government.
• Entertainment companies and mass media agencies generate profits primarily from the sale of intellectual belongings. They include pic studios and production houses, mass media companies such every bit cablevision idiot box networks, online digital media agencies, talent agencies, mobile media outlets, newspapers, book and magazine publishing houses.
  • Sports organizations are involved in producing, facilitating, promoting, or organizing whatsoever activeness, experience, or business enterprise focused on sports. They make their profits by selling goods and services that are sports related.
• Industrial manufacturers produce products, either from raw materials or from component parts, and so export the finished products at a turn a profit. They include tangible appurtenances such equally cars, buses, medical devices, drinking glass, or aircraft.
• Real estate businesses sell, invest, construct and develop backdrop, including land, residential homes, and other buildings.
• Retailers, wholesalers, and distributors act as middlemen and get goods produced past manufacturers to the intended consumers; they make their profits by marking up their prices. Nigh stores and itemize companies are distributors or retailers.

Activities

Accounting

Accounting is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial data almost economic entities^{[15] [16]} such as businesses and corporations. The modern field was established past the Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli in 1494.^[17] Accounting, which has been called the "language of business",^[eighteen] measures the results of an organisation'due south economical activities and conveys this information to a variety of users, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators.^[xix] Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants. The terms "accounting" and "financial reporting" are often used as synonyms.

Finance

Finance is a field that deals with the written report of money and investments. It includes the dynamics of assets and liabilities over fourth dimension under conditions of different degrees of uncertainty and risk.^[twenty] In the context of business organisation and management, finance deals with the problems of ensuring that the firm tin can safely and profitably conduct out its operational and fiscal objectives; i.e. that it: (1) has sufficient cash period for ongoing and upcoming operational expenses, and (2) tin can service both maturing short-term debt repayments, and scheduled long-term debt payments. Finance too deals with the long term objective of maximizing the value of the business, while likewise balancing adventure and profitability; this includes the interrelated questions of (i) capital investment, which businesses and projects to invest in; (two) capital structure, deciding on the mix of funding to be used; and (3) dividend policy, what to practice with "excess" capital.

Manufacturing

Manufacturing is the production of merchandise for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or conception. The term may refer to a range of human being action, from handicraft to loftier tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale.

Marketing

Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association every bit "the activeness, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and lodge at large." ^[21] The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to a market to buy or sell goods or services. Marketing tactics include ad every bit well as determining product pricing.

With the rise in technology, marketing is further divided into a form chosen digital marketing. Information technology is marketing products and services using digital technologies.

Enquiry and evolution

Inquiry and development refer to activities in connection with corporate or government innovation.^[22] Inquiry and evolution constitute the first stage of development of a potential new service or product.^[23] Enquiry and evolution are very difficult to manage since the defining feature of the research is that the researchers practice not know in advance exactly how to accomplish the desired event.^[24]

Prophylactic

Injuries price businesses billions of dollars annually.^[25] Studies have shown how company acceptance and implementation of comprehensive safety and health management systems reduce incidents, insurance costs, and workers' bounty claims.^[26] New technologies, like wearable safety devices^[27] and available online condom grooming, continue to be developed to encourage employers to invest in protection beyond the "canary in the coal mine" and reduce the cost to businesses of protecting their employees.

Sales

Sales are activeness related to selling or the number of goods or services sold in a given time period. Sales are oft integrated with all lines of business and are key to a companies' success.^[28]

Management

The efficient and constructive functioning of a business, and study of this discipline, is called management. The major branches of management are fiscal direction, marketing management, homo resource management, strategic direction, production management, operations management, service direction, and information technology management.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Owners may manage their businesses themselves, or employ managers to do so for them. Whether they are owners or employees, managers administrate iii primary components of the business' value: financial resource, uppercase (tangible resources), and human resources. These resources are administered in at least half dozen functional areas: legal contracting, manufacturing or service product, marketing, accounting, financing, and human resources.^{[ citation needed ]}

Restructuring state enterprises

In recent decades, states modeled some of their assets and enterprises afterwards business concern enterprises. In 2003, for instance, the People'southward Republic of People's republic of china modeled 80% of its state-endemic enterprises on a visitor-blazon management system.^[29] Many state institutions and enterprises in China and Russian federation have transformed into articulation-stock companies, with role of their shares existence listed on public stock markets.

Concern procedure direction (BPM) is a holistic management arroyo focused on aligning all aspects of an arrangement with the wants and needs of clients. BPM attempts to improve processes continuously. It can, therefore, be described as a "process optimization procedure". It is argued that BPM enables organizations to be more than efficient, effective and capable of modify than a functionally focused, traditional hierarchical management approach.^{[ who? ]}

System and regulation

Time required to get-go a business in 2017^[30]

Most legal jurisdictions specify the forms of ownership that a business can accept, creating a torso of commercial law for each blazon.

The major factors affecting how a business is organized are usually:

• The size and scope of the business concern firm and its structure, direction, and buying, broadly analyzed in the theory of the firm. Generally, a smaller business organisation is more than flexible, while larger businesses, or those with wider ownership or more formal structures, will normally tend to be organized as corporations or (less often) partnerships. In addition, a business organization that wishes to raise money on a stock marketplace or to be owned by a broad range of people volition ofttimes be required to prefer a specific legal form to do so.
• The sector and land. Individual profit-making businesses are unlike from government-owned bodies. In some countries, certain businesses are legally obliged to exist organized in certain ways.
• Tax advantages. Unlike structures are treated differently in tax police and may take advantages for this reason.
• Disclosure and compliance requirements. Dissimilar business structures may be required to make less or more than information public (or report it to relevant authorities) and may be bound to comply with different rules and regulations.
• Control and coordination requirements. In part of the hazard and complexity of the tasks to organize, a business organization is organized through a prepare of formal and informal mechanisms.^{[31] [32]} In particular, contractual and relational governance can help mitigate opportunism as well every bit support advice and information sharing.^[32]:

Many businesses are operated through a dissever entity such as a corporation or a partnership (either formed with or without limited liability). About legal jurisdictions permit people to organize such an entity by filing sure lease documents with the relevant Secretarial assistant of Land or equivalent and complying with certain other ongoing obligations. The relationships and legal rights of shareholders, limited partners, or members are governed partly by the lease documents and partly past the constabulary of the jurisdiction where the entity is organized. By and large speaking, shareholders in a corporation, express partners in a limited partnership, and members in a express liability company are shielded from personal liability for the debts and obligations of the entity, which is legally treated as a separate "person". This means that unless at that place is misconduct, the owner's ain possessions are strongly protected in police if the concern does not succeed.

Where 2 or more individuals own a business together merely have failed to organize a more specialized form of vehicle, they will be treated as a full general partnership. The terms of a partnership are partly governed by a partnership agreement if one is created, and partly past the law of the jurisdiction where the partnership is located. No paperwork or filing is necessary to create a partnership, and without an agreement, the relationships and legal rights of the partners will exist entirely governed past the police force of the jurisdiction where the partnership is located. A unmarried person who owns and runs a business organization is commonly known equally a sole proprietor, whether that person owns it straight or through a formally organized entity. Depending on the business needs, an adviser tin can decide what kind is proprietorship will be near suitable.

A few relevant factors to consider in deciding how to operate a business include:

1. Full general partners in a partnership (other than a limited liability partnership), plus anyone who personally owns and operates a business without creating a carve up legal entity, are personally liable for the debts and obligations of the business organisation.
2. Generally, corporations are required to pay tax only similar "real" people. In some tax systems, this can requite ascent to so-called double taxation, because first the corporation pays tax on the profit, and then when the corporation distributes its profits to its owners, individuals have to include dividends in their income when they complete their personal tax returns, at which point a second layer of income tax is imposed.
3. In most countries, there are laws that treat pocket-sized corporations differently from big ones. They may exist exempt from sure legal filing requirements or labor laws, have simplified procedures in specialized areas, and accept simplified, advantageous, or slightly different tax handling.
4. "Going public" through a process known equally an initial public offering (IPO) ways that function of the business will exist owned by members of the public. This requires the organization every bit a distinct entity, to disclose information to the public, and adhering to a tighter set of laws and procedures. Most public entities are corporations that accept sold shares, simply increasingly there are as well public LLC'due south that sell units (sometimes besides called shares), and other more exotic entities likewise, such equally, for example, real estate investment trusts in the US, and unit of measurement trusts in the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland. A general partnership cannot "go public".

Commercial law

A very detailed and well-established body of rules that evolved over a very long menses of time applies to commercial transactions. The need to regulate trade and commerce and resolve business disputes helped shape the cosmos of police force and courts. The Code of Hammurabi dates dorsum to about 1772 BC for example and contains provisions that relate, amongst other matters, to aircraft costs and dealings betwixt merchants and brokers.^[33] The word "corporation" derives from the Latin corpus, meaning torso, and the Maurya Empire in Iron-Historic period Republic of india accorded legal rights to business organisation entities.^[34]

In many countries, it is difficult to compile all the laws that tin can affect a business into a single reference source. Laws can govern the treatment of labour and employee relations, worker protection and safety, discrimination on the ground of historic period, gender, disability, race, and in some jurisdictions, sexual orientation, and the minimum wage, as well as unions, worker bounty, and working hours and exit.

Some specialized businesses may besides require licenses, either due to laws governing entry into certain trades, occupations or professions, that require special didactics or to heighten revenue for local governments. Professions that crave special licenses include law, medicine, piloting aircraft, selling liquor, radio broadcasting, selling investment securities, selling used cars, and roofing. Local jurisdictions may also require special licenses and taxes merely to operate a business organisation.

Some businesses are subject to ongoing special regulation, for example, public utilities, investment securities, cyberbanking, insurance, broadcasting, aviation, and wellness care providers. Ecology regulations are also very circuitous and can affect many businesses.

Capital

When businesses demand to enhance money (called capital), they sometimes offer securities for sale.^[35]

Capital may be raised through private ways, by an initial public offer or IPO on a stock exchange,^[36] or in other means.^[37]

Major stock exchanges include the Shanghai Stock Substitution, Singapore Exchange, Hong Kong Stock Exchange, New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ (the The states), the London Stock Exchange (United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland), the Tokyo Stock Commutation (Japan), and Mumbai Stock Substitution (India). Most countries with capital markets accept at to the lowest degree one.

Businesses that take gone public are subject to regulations concerning their internal governance, such as how executive officers' compensation is determined, and when and how information is disclosed to shareholders and to the public. In the United states, these regulations are primarily implemented and enforced past the U.s.a. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Other western nations have comparable regulatory bodies. The regulations are implemented and enforced past the People's republic of china Securities Regulation Commission (CSRC) in China. In Singapore, the regulatory authorization is the Monetary Say-so of Singapore (MAS), and in Hong Kong, it is the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC).

The proliferation and increasing complication of the laws governing concern have forced increasing specialization in corporate constabulary. It is not unheard of for certain kinds of corporate transactions to require a squad of five to ten attorneys due to sprawling regulation. Commercial law spans general corporate constabulary, employment and labor law, health-intendance police force, securities police, mergers and acquisitions, revenue enhancement law, employee benefit plans, food and drug regulation, intellectual property law on copyrights, patents, trademarks, telecommunication law, and financing.

Other types of majuscule sourcing include crowdsourcing on the Internet, venture capital, banking concern loans, and debentures.

Intellectual property

Businesses often take important "intellectual property" that needs protection from competitors for the company to stay profitable. This could crave patents, copyrights, trademarks, or preservation of trade secrets.^[38] Most businesses have names, logos, and similar branding techniques that could benefit from trademarking. Patents and copyrights in the U.s. are largely governed by federal law, while trade secrets and trademarking are mostly a matter of state constabulary. Because of the nature of intellectual property, a business needs protection in every jurisdiction in which they are concerned about competitors. Many countries are signatories to international treaties apropos intellectual holding, and thus companies registered in these countries are subject to national laws leap by these treaties. In order to protect trade secrets, companies may require employees to sign noncompete clauses which will impose limitations on an employee's interactions with stakeholders, and competitors.

Trade wedlock

A trade union (or labor union) is an organization of workers who have come together to achieve common goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safe standards, achieving college pay and benefits such as health intendance and retirement, increasing the number of employees an employer assigns to complete the work, and better working conditions.^[39] The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members (rank and file members) and negotiates labor contracts (commonage bargaining) with employers.^[forty] The most common purpose of these associations or unions is "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment".^[41] This may include the negotiation of wages, work rules, complaint procedures, rules governing hiring, firing, and promotion of workers, benefits, workplace rubber and policies.

Run across also

• Bookkeeping
  • List of bookkeeping topics
• Ad
• Banking concern
• Large business
• Business acumen
• Concern broker
• Concern ethics
  • Social responsibility
• Business organization hours
• Business organization police force topics
• Business mathematics
• Business mediator
• Concern school
• Business tourism
• Business valuation
• Businessperson
• Capitalism
• Change management analyst
• Commerce
• Company
• Corporate personhood
• Price overrun
• E-commerce
  • Electronic business
• Economic science
  • Economic democracy
  • Financial economics
  • List of economic science topics
• Entrepreneurship
• Finance
  • List of finance topics
• Franchising
• Government ownership
• Human resource
• Manufacture categories
• Innovation
• Insurance
• Intellectual property
• Interim management
• International trade
  • List of international trade topics
• Investment
• Job creation program
• Labour economics
• Limited liability
• List of company registers
• List of largest employers
• List of oldest companies
• Lists of companies
• Direction information system
• Manufacturing
  • List of production topics
• Marketing
  • List of marketing topics
• Coin
• Organizational studies
• Profit
• Real estate
  • List of real manor topics
• Revenue shortfall
• Shareholder value
• Small business organization
• Strategic management
• Strategic planning
• Revenue enhancement
• Trade
• Types of business organisation entity

References

1. ^ Compare: American Heritage Dictionary Archived 2019-03-31 at the Wayback Machine "business [:] one. The activity of buying and selling commodities, products, or services".
2. ^ Longman Business English Dictionary
3. ^ Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English "business [:] 1 [...] the activity of making money past producing or buying and selling goods, or providing services".
4. ^ Oxford Living Dictionaries "business [:] 2 The practice of making i's living by engaging in commerce."
5. ^ Burton, William (2007). Burton'south Legal Thesaurus (4 ed.). McGraw-Hill Teaching. p. 68. ISBN9780071472623.
6. ^ Holloway, S. S.; Parmigiani, A. (2014). "Friends and Profits Don't Mix: The Performance Implications of Repeated Partnerships". Academy of Direction Journal. 59 (2): 460. doi:x.5465/amj.2013.0581. S2CID 168091169.
7. ^ "Choose a concern construction". Choose a business structure . Retrieved 2021-05-13 .
8. ^ Small-scale Concern Bedroom of Commerce, Inc.
9. ^ Definition of a Franchise Business organization
10. ^ hWelsh, Dianne H. B.; Desplaces, David Due east.; Davis, fAmy E. (2011). "A Comparison of Retail Franchises, Independent Businesses, and Purchased Existing Independent Business Startups: Lessons from the Kauffman House Survey". Periodical of Marketing Channels. 18: 3. doi:ten.1080/1046669X.2011.533109. S2CID 154304180.
11. ^ ^{a b} Black's Law and lee Lexicon. 2d Pocket Edition. Bryan A. Garner, editor. West. 2001.
12. ^ Companies Human activity 2006
13. ^ root. "Limited Liability Company (LLC) Definition - Investopedia". Investopedia.
14. ^ "Investopedia - Public Express Company".
15. ^ Needles, Belverd Due east.; Powers, Marian (2013). Principles of Financial Bookkeeping. Fiscal Accounting Series (12 ed.). Cengage Learning.
16. ^ Accounting Research Bulletins No. seven Reports of Committee on Terminology (Report). Committee on Accounting Procedure, American Institute of Accountants. November 1940. Archived from the original on 7 January 2014. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
17. ^ DIWAN, Jaswith. ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS & THEORIES. LONDON: MORRE. pp. 001–002. id# 94452.
18. ^ Peggy Bishop Lane on Why Accounting Is the Language of Business organization, Knowledge @ Wharton High Schoolhouse, September 23, 2013, retrieved 25 Dec 2013
19. ^ "Department of Accounting". Foster School of Business. Foster Schoolhouse of Business organization. 2013. Retrieved 31 Dec 2013.
20. ^ CFI. "What is Finance?". Retrieved seven April 2020.
21. ^ Marketing definition approved in October 2007 by the American Marketing Association: [1] Archived 2010-12-27 at the Wayback Machine.
22. ^ Kenton, Will. "Why Inquiry and Development (R&D) Matters". Investopedia . Retrieved 2020-06-12 .
23. ^ "Research and development". Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 2020-06-12 .
24. ^ "Enquiry and evolution". Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 2020-06-12 .
25. ^ Leigh, J. (2011). Economic Burden of Occupational Injury and Illness in the United States. Milbank Quarterly, 89(4), 728-772. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00648.x
26. ^ Rowe, Kelly P. (2007). OSHA and small businesses: A winning combination: When pocket-sized businesses tap into OSHA'due south many resources, anybody benefits. Occupational Hazards, 69(3), 33.
27. ^ Goldberg, Due south. (2016). Business Technical: Habiliment Devices at Piece of work. Business Insurance, 50(2), 1.
28. ^ "How To Organize Your Marketing Section In The Digital Age". Retrieved Oct fifteen, 2018.
29. ^ Major Industries. People.com
30. ^ "Fourth dimension required to start a business". Our Globe in Information . Retrieved 7 March 2020.
31. ^ Poppo, Laura; Zenger, Todd (2002). "Do formal contracts and relational governance function as substitutes or complements?". Strategic Direction Journal. 23 (8): 707–725. doi:10.1002/smj.249. ISSN 1097-0266.
32. ^ ^{a b} Long, Chris P.; Sitkin, Sim B. (2018). "Control–Trust Dynamics in Organizations: Identifying Shared Perspectives and Charting Conceptual Error Lines". Academy of Management Annals. 12 (2): 725–751. doi:10.5465/annals.2016.0055. ISSN 1941-6520.
33. ^ "Law Code of Hammurabi".
34. ^ Vikramaditya S. Khanna. "The Economic History of the Corporate Form in Ancient Bharat" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-19.
35. ^ Hargrave, Marshall. "What Is Capital?". Investopedia . Retrieved 21 January 2021.
36. ^ "What is Ipo? Definition of Ipo, Ipo Pregnant". The Economical Times . Retrieved 21 January 2021.
37. ^ Hargrave, Marshall. "What Is Capital?". Investopedia . Retrieved 21 January 2021.
38. ^ "What is Intellectual Property (IP)?". www.wipo.int . Retrieved 21 Jan 2021.
39. ^ "What is Merchandise Union? Definition of Merchandise Union, Trade Spousal relationship Meaning". The Economic Times . Retrieved 21 January 2021.
40. ^ "What is Trade Union? Definition of Trade Marriage, Trade Wedlock Meaning". The Economic Times . Retrieved 21 January 2021.
41. ^ Webb, Sidney; Webb, Beatrice (1920). History of Trade Unionism. Longmans and Co. London. ch. I

External links

Are Profit Seeking Activities And Enterprises That Provide Goods And Services,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business

Posted by: nicholsalwat1946.blogspot.com

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